RESUMO: Este estudo foi realizado para determinar as características de rendimento e qualidade de algumas populações de alfafa cultivadas por produtores na província de Bingol, na Turquia. As sementes de alfafa foram obtidas de 23 locais diferentes em 2015. Em 2016, foi estabelecido um ensaio de campo com três repetições, aleatórias e desenvolvido em bloco, incluindo esses genótipos e quatro variedades registradas. Com o resultado de testes de três anos, determinou-se que as populações obtidas nas aldeias de Servi, Mutluca, Garip, Sarıçiçek-1 e Bagliisa produziam maiores colheitas de forragem verde e feno. Quando comparamos os resultados de qualidade, as populações Kumgecit, Küçüktekören e Şenköy-1 se destacam em termos de proporção de proteína bruta. O maior rendimento de proteína bruta foi obtido da população de Servi. Em termos de valor relativo de ração, observou-se que as variedades eram mais qualificadas do que as populações. Conclui-se que as populações de Servi, Mutluca, Garip, Sarıçiçek-1 e Bagliisa podem ser utilizadas em estudos de melhoramento, especialmente para obter progresso genético no rendimento de alfafa para produção de ração e bioenergia. Para o aprimoramento genético dos genótipos atuais com maior proporção de proteína bruta, as populações Kumgecit, Küçüktekören e Şenköy-1 podem ser usadas como fonte. Este estudo mostrou que, a região da Anatólia Oriental não é apenas espécies altamente diversificadas conservadoras de vida, mas também abrange diversidade genética intraespécie especial em zonas microclimáticas da Turquia, a ser usada para melhorar a produção global de forragem e bioenergia.

ABSTRACT: This study was carried out to determine the yield and quality characteristics of some alfalfa village populations cultivated by producers in Bingol province of Turkey. Alfalfa seeds were obtained from 23 different locations in 2015. A three replicated, randomised complete block designed field trial was established in 2016 including these genotypes and four registered varieties. As a result of three year trials, it was determined that the populations obtained from the villages of Servi, Mutluca, Garip, Sarıçiçek-1 and Bagliisa produced highest green herbage and hay yields. When we compare the quality results, Kumgecit, Küçüktekören and Şenköy-1 populations stands out in terms of crude protein ratio. Highest crude protein yield was obtained from Servi population. In terms of relative feed value, it was observed that the varieties were better qualfied than the populations. It is concluded that the populations of Servi, Mutluca, Garip, Sarıçiçek-1 and Bagliisa can be used in breeding studies especially to obtain genetic progress in yield of alfalfa for feed and bioenergy production. For the genetic improvement of current genotypes with higher crude protein ratio, Kumgecit, Küçüktekören and Şenköy-1 populations can be used as a source. This study showed that, East Anatolia region is not just live-conserving highly diversified species but also covering special intra-species genetic diversity in microclimatic zones of Turkey to be used to improve the global forage and bioenergy cropproduction.

Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the possible silage of stay-green sorghum genotypes using GT biplot analysis. Following the grain harvest, 41 sorghum genotypes were chopped to make silage. Biochemical analyses were performed after 60 d of silage. The results revealed that green herbage yields varied between 13.40-65.96 t ha−1, pH between 3.92-4.25, dry matter ratios between 24.26-35.83%, crude protein ratios between 3.44-7.03%, acid detergent fiber (ADF) ratios between 27.46-52.01%, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) ratios between 40.80-69.12%, crude ash ratios between 5.8915.14%, lactic acid contents between 1.657-4.914%, and propionic acid contents between 0.000-0.247%. Methane production values varied between 14.15-21.80%, gas production between 18.51-47.36 mL, metabolic energy (ME) between 6.68-11.67 MJ kg−1 DM, and organic matter digestibility (OMD) between 47.20-89.93%. According to GT biplot analysis, there were positive correlations among ADF, NDF and DM; among methane, ME, OMD and gas-methane production; and among acetic, butyric and propionic acids, pH, ash and protein contents. There were negative correlations among gas production, ADF, and NDF and among herbage yield, crude protein, organic acids, pH and crude ash. Among the genotypes, Sugargraze was prominent with herbage yield, while genotypes G4 and G3 were prominent with crude protein. Considering all parameters, genotype G20 seemed to be the ideal genotype. Although some silage samples had low silage and nutritional characteristics, others yielded values close to or even higher than full sorghum silage. These varieties can constitute a quality roughage source for livestock in winter. Further breeding research on stay-green genotypes may provide significant contributions to plant and livestock production activities.

Resumen El objetivo del presente estudio es investigar las posibles ensilajes de genotipos de sorgo que tienen alta tasa de supervivencia del tallo y de las hojas después de la cosecha. Después de cosecha del grano, 41 genotipos de sorgo fueron picados para preparar ensilajes. Los análisis bioquímicos se realizaron después de 60 d de ensilaje. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos en el estudio; rendimiento de trigo verde varía entre 13.40-65.96 t ha−1, pH 3.92-4.25, proporción de materia seca entre 24.26-35.83%, proporción de proteína cruda 3.44-7.03%, los ratios de ADF entre 27.46-52.01%, los ratios de NDF entre 40.80-69.12%, los ratios de cenizas en bruto entre 5.89-15.14%, ácido láctico entre 1.657-4914%, ácido propiónico entre 0.000-0.247%. Los valores de producción de metano variaron entre 14.15-21.80%; Producción de gas entre 18.51-47.36 mL, energía metabólica (ME) entre 6.68-11.67 MJ kg−1 MS y digestibilidad de materia orgánica (DMO) entre 47.2089.93%. Aunque algunos genotipos tienen características de calidad de alimentación baja, la mayoría de los genotipos tienen características cercanas al ensilaje entero y están en el grupo de calidad de forraje para animales en invierno. Otros trabajos de mejoramiento de los genotipos que permanecen siempre verdes pueden producir contribuciones significativas a las actividades de producción vegetal y ganadera.

ABSTRACT In yield experiments conducted at different environments, assessment of Genotype × Environment interactions for investigated traits is a quite significant issue for both agronomists and breeders. GGE biplot analysis was employed in this study to assess the Genotype × Trait, Environment × Trait and Trait Association × Environment of five different traits (silage yield [SY], stem diameter [SD], green leaf weight ratio &91;GLWR], green stem weight ratio [GSWR], green corn cob ratio [GCCR] and plant height [PH]) of 25 silage maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes grown in six environments. The biplot graphs created in this study to assess Genotype × Trait, Environment × Trait and Environment × Trait correlation interactions were able to explain respectively 86%, 92%, and 83% of total variation of experiments. Current findings revealed that the genotype G18 (Safak), with the greatest silage yield in Genotype Trait biplot (GT biplot) also had the greatest SD; DIY14 (DIYARBAKIR-2014) with the greatest distance from the origin over Environment Trait (ET-biplot) graph was the most distinctive environment; SD with the greatest vector length was the most distinctive trait; DIY14 and DIY15 environments were the best environments for PH, GSWR, SY and SD. It was concluded that GGE biplot method with different perspectives could reliably be used in assessment of silage characteristics of maize genotypes grown in different environments.